Preliminary examination

A) ophthalmometry
B) refraction and visual acuity examination
C) tonometry

Objective examination

A) biomicroscopy in mydriasis
B) examination of the fundus oculi by means of indirect ophthalmoscope with scleral indentation

The first examination is personally carried out by Prof. Luigi Pannarale, who decides lays down the diagnostic examination to do, programmes the checks and is the main surgeon for the patient to be operated on.
For the execution of the exams Professor avails himself of the collaboration of the Assistants of the study.
The diagnostic tools available, besides the traditional and essential ones for the routine practice, includes :

• O. C. T. Optical Coherent Tomography of the retina by spectral domain SLO/OCT
• FUNDUS PHOTOGRAPHY
• ELECTRORETINOGRAPHY AND V.E.P.
• FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY WITH AND/OR GREEN INDOCIANINA
• ECHOGRAPHY BY A-SCAN AND B-SCAN
• SLO MICROPERIMETRY
• CONTRAST SENSITIVITY
• PAPILLOMETRY
• BIOMETRY
• ENDOTHELIAL MICROSCOPY
• CORNEAL PACHIMETRY
• TOPOGRAPHY
• PUPILLOMETRY
• TESTS FOR THE QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE LACRIMAL FILM (TEST DI SHIRMER, JONES ETC.)
• PROVOCATIVE TEST FOR GLAUCOMA (IBOPAMINE TEST)
• EXAMINATIONS FOR IPOVISIONE
• EXAMINATION ORTHOPTIST
• COMPUTERIZED PERIMETRY
• INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE MONITORING
  

We suggest to bring to the visit possible previous clinical documentation, both general and ophthalmic ones.
The data relating to the visit of the patient are recorded on the cards to preserve historical memory, while maintaining the maximum privacy. On request, the medical record can be issued to the patient accompanied by diagnostic results.

Non surgical treatments

• intravitreali injections of "Anti VEGF" (Avastin, Lucentis, Macugen) for age-related macular degeneration, choroidal neovascular membrane in high myopia, diabetic retinopathy and other neovascular diseases
• laser-photocoagulation for the prophylaxis of retinal detachment
• cryogenic treatments for the prophylaxis of retinal detachment
• laser-photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy
• laser-photocoagulation for glaucoma
• cryogenic treatments for glaucoma
• treatments by YAG-laser for secondary cataract
• treatments by YAG-laser for narrow-angle glaucoma
• treatments by YAG-laser for pupillary ectopia
• treatments by excimer laser for myopia, asthigmatism, hyperopia
  

Surgery

• surgery of retinal detachment according to the methods of scleral surgery of M. R. Pannarale methods with vitrectomy and also of other authors
• the cataract surgery by various techniques
• the cataract surgery in cases to risk defects or complicated for iridei, zonulari etc.
• the cataract surgery in cases of myopia high with contextual vitrectomy for vitreous opacity (techniques for fachivitrectomia sec. M. R.Pannarale and personal)
• secondary implants of intraocular lenses with use of IOLs mod. PAN (Soleko) of designed by M. R. and L. Pannarale
• glaucoma surgery by deep sclerectomy and by trabeculectomy
• glaucoma surgery with Ahmed implants
• corneal graft, also combined with cataract extraction and IOL implantation
• strabismus surgery in children and adults also for complicated cases
  

Anesthesia

In the Clinics and Hospitals above all types of surgery can be performed both in local anesthesia and in general anaesthesia.